參考鍊接 （360翻譯）

https://www.360kuai.com/pc/98be5d42c9cad2bd5?cota=3&kuai_so=1&sign=360_57c3bbd1&refer_scene=so_1 

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-04-salt-substitution-million-deaths-cvd.html 

Salt substitution could prevent almost half a million deaths from CVD in China 

鹽替代品可以防止中國近50萬人死于心血管疾病  

by George Institute for Global Health 

喬治全球健康研究所  

Credit: CC0 Public Domain 

來源：CCO公有領域   

 

A nationwide intervention to replace regular household salt with potassium-enriched salt substitutes in China could prevent nearly half a million cardiovascular deaths per year, according to a new modelling study published in the British Medical Journal. 

英國醫學雜志發表的一項新的模型研究表明，在中國，用富鉀鹽替代普通家用鹽，可以每年減少近50萬人因心血管疾病死亡。  

The study found that overall, the blood pressure lowering effects of salt substitution could prevent around 460,000 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths each year, including 208,000 due to stroke and 175,000 due to heart disease. 

研究發現，總體而言，鹽替代品的降血壓效果可以防止每年約46萬人死于心血管疾病，其中包括20.8萬人死于中風，17.5萬人死于心髒病。   

They were also estimated to prevent some 743,000 non-fatal CVD events each year, including 365,000 strokes and 147,000 heart attacks, and decrease rates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by around 120,000 each year, or almost seven percent of new cases. 

據估計，它們每年還能預防約743,000例非緻命性心血管疾病，包括365,000例中風和147,000例心髒病發作，以及每年減少約120,000例慢性腎髒疾病(ckd) ，幾乎是新病例的7% 。  

Dr. Jason Wu, one of the study's senior authors and Program Head of Nutrition Science at The George Institute said that replacing regular salt with potassium-enriched salt substitutes combines the blood pressure lowering effects of reduced sodium and increased potassium intake. 

這項研究的資深作者之一，喬治研究所營養科學項目負責人吳傑森博士說，用富鉀鹽替代普通鹽具有降低血壓、減少鈉攝入和增加鉀攝入的作用。  

895165522While potassium intake in China is low, intake of sodium is well above recommended levels, mainly coming from salt used at home, in cooking or at the table,895165522 he said. 

他說: 「雖然中國的鉀攝入量偏低，鈉的攝入量卻遠高于建議水平，主要來自家居、烹饪或餐桌上的鹽。 

895165522Salt substitution is therefore a promising strategy to reduce blood pressure and related diseases like CVD and CKD in China, where over two million deaths were attributed to elevated blood pressure in 2015. Our findings suggest that a nationwide intervention to encourage use of potassium-enriched salt substitutes could prevent nearly one in nine CVD deaths in China.895165522 

“因此，在中國，鹽替代是降低血壓和心血管疾病、慢性腎病等相關疾病的一個有希望的策略。2015年，中國有超過200萬人死于高血壓。 我們的發現表明，在全國範圍内鼓勵使用富鉀鹽替代品，可以防止近九分之一的中國人死于心血管疾病。”  

An important part of this study was to look at the potential benefits of blood pressure reduction at the same time as the possible risk to people with CKD from increased potassium intakes. Lead author, Senior Research Fellow at The George Institute and now research assistant professor at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Matti Marklund, Ph.D., said that concerns about the potential risk of increased potassium intakes in people with CKD were particularly relevant in China where most people with CKD are unaware of their condition. 

這項研究的一個重要部分是觀察血壓降低的潛在好處，同時觀察鉀攝入量增加對慢性腎病患者的潛在風險。 首席作者、喬治研究所(george institute)高級研究員、塔夫茨大學弗裡德曼營養科學與政策學院(friedman school of nutrition science and policy)研究助理教授馬蒂•馬克隆德(matti marklund)博士表示，對 ckd 患者鉀攝入量增加的潛在風險的擔憂，在中國尤其重要，因為大多數 ckd 患者并不知道自己的病情。   

895165522Our modelling study suggests that with this type of intervention, the benefits greatly outweigh the harms in the overall population. In fact, even among individuals with CKD, there are substantial net benefits,895165522 he said. 

“我們的模型研究表明，這種類型的幹預，好處大大超過在整體人口的危害。 事實上，即使對于 ckd 患者來說，也有實質性的淨收益，”他說。  

Among an estimated 17.2 million people with CKD, the blood pressure lowering effects of the intervention could prevent around 32,000 CVD deaths, but the increased potassium intake and higher blood potassium levels could potentially cause some 11,000 additional CVD deaths, resulting in an estimated 21,000 deaths avoided overall. 

據估計，在1720萬 ckd 患者中，幹預的降壓效果可以防止大約32000人的心血管疾病死亡，但鉀攝入量的增加和血鉀水平的升高，可能會導緻大約11000人的心血管疾病死亡，導緻大約21000人的死亡得以避免。  

895165522The finding of net cardiovascular benefits in those with CKD suggests that encouraging them to avoid potassium-enriched salt substitutes in a national intervention could result in overall harm as they would then miss the benefits of reduced blood pressure. However, alternative approaches like improving screening for CKD and closer monitoring of potassium levels in diagnosed patients should be evaluated to minimize potential risks,895165522 added Dr. Marklund. 

“對于 ckd 患者的心血管淨益處的發現表明，在國家幹預中鼓勵他們避免使用富鉀鹽替代品可能會導緻全面的危害，因為他們會錯過降低血壓的益處。 然而，應該評估其他替代方法，如改進 ckd 篩查和更密切地監測确診患者的鉀水平，以盡量減少潛在風險，”馬克隆德博士補充說。  

Eating too much salt increases blood pressure, which is one of the biggest contributors to premature death from stroke or heart disease. Worldwide, excess salt intake is estimated to cause about three million deaths each year. 

吃太多的鹽會增加血壓，而血壓是中風或心髒病導緻過早死亡的主要原因之一。 全球範圍内，過量攝入鹽估計每年導緻約300萬人死亡。  

In China, sodium intake is more than double the WHO-recommended limit, and nearly half of Chinese people aged 35-75 have high blood pressure. Almost 30 percent of fatal strokes in Chinese people aged under 70 are attributable to high sodium consumption. 

在中國，鈉的攝入量是世界衛生組織推薦攝入量的兩倍多，35-75歲的中國人中有近一半患有高血壓。 在70歲以下的中國人中，近30% 的緻命中風是由于高鈉攝入。 

In contrast to most Western countries the largest contributor of dietary sodium in China is discretionary salt (i.e., salt added in the home during cooking or at the table), contributing to about two thirds of sodium intake. 

與大多數西方國家不同，中國人從膳食攝入鈉的最大來源是酌量鹽(即在家中烹煮或在餐桌上加入的鹽) ，占鈉攝入量約三分之二。  

895165522Our study suggests that a national program to replace regular salt with lower-sodium 'salt substitutes' for home cooking, could have a large impact on the burden of CVD in China.895165522 said Dr. Marklund. 

我們的研究表明，用低鈉鹽替代家庭烹饪的普通食鹽，可能會對中國的心血管疾病負擔産生重大影響 馬克隆德醫生說。